One of the most critical challenges facing the world today, particularly in Palestine and the Arab region, is the shortage of water and food security. As the world grapples with the effects of climate change—such as reduced water availability for agricultural irrigation, the battle against agricultural pests, and the need for sustainability in food production—we have developed the Smart Agriculture Diploma. This educational-technical program aims to transfer innovative modern agricultural practices and strategies to students, enabling them to become experts in a profession undergoing global transformation. These strategies are designed to withstand climate fluctuations and ensure food security for a growing population.

Smart agriculture, in essence, is a system that utilizes advanced technology to grow food crops in sustainable and clean ways while optimizing the use of natural resources, particularly water, which is scarce in Palestine. Key features of smart agriculture include the use of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and information management and analysis systems to make optimal production decisions at minimal costs. It also involves automating agricultural operations such as irrigation, pest control, soil monitoring, and weather tracking, as well as monitoring crops and their growth conditions. Smart agriculture extends beyond crops to include animal husbandry and food production as a whole. Farms that implement smart farming techniques have the potential to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural outputs through a resource-efficient approach. The integration of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in smart farming aims to enhance data management and analytics, while increasing the efficiency of IoT operations. Additionally, smart agriculture operations require a deep understanding of local weather conditions, soil quality, crop monitoring, and preventive measures.

The Erasmus program, funded by the European Union in 2023, highlighted some of the most critical training and professional needs in its study on smart agricultural technologies. This program aims primarily to introduce smart technological tools in agriculture to strengthen and develop the agricultural and food sectors in Palestine. The necessary services and training will be provided to equip students for the labor market. This professional program will also play a crucial role in localizing modern agricultural technology and enhancing local capabilities across various fields of agriculture and food production.

The importance of transitioning from traditional agricultural methods, currently taught in many universities, to advanced smart agriculture is underscored by the fact that modern agriculture leverages technology, information systems, IoT, and environmental sensors. These tools are becoming essential in all agricultural operations—from field production and pest control to farm monitoring and efficient irrigation management—ultimately leading to competitive food product quality that positively impacts agricultural marketing. Furthermore, there is a growing need for technicians capable of analyzing, modeling, and simulating field data to ensure effective production within farms, as well as the sustainability of modern technologies for monitoring the farm environment and agricultural production in general.

Smart agriculture is also inclusive, extending beyond its traditional male-dominated sphere to include all individuals capable of using computers and related software, thereby broadening the scope of the field and opening new opportunities for previously underrepresented groups. This inclusivity is a key component of the national strategic plan for training and vocational qualification. As a result, there is a significant need to train smart agriculture technicians who are equipped to manage food farms by applying the highest quality standards, understanding production management from the field to the final product, and adhering to general safety procedures throughout the food production process.

Smart agriculture, driven by artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT), aims to make optimal decisions that enhance and increase food and agricultural production. It also focuses on collecting and analyzing agricultural field data to optimize the use of irrigation water. IoT technologies are highly beneficial not only for crop farms but also for animal farms and greenhouse operations. These technologies enable the monitoring of temperature, light levels, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and water consumption within greenhouses through an electronic portal. This portal allows farmers to receive notifications whenever any changes occur in these parameters. Additionally, farmers can remotely control devices to adjust temperature, lighting, and ventilation via the Internet.

Other significant IoT applications in smart agriculture include the use of drones for crop monitoring and evaluation, aerial photography of agricultural lands, mapping, measuring air quality, and efficiently and safely spraying crops with pesticides. The data collected by drones is instantly transmitted to software that analyzes it and guides farmers on the best practices to follow.

The program aims to equip students with the scientific, technical, and cognitive skills necessary to meet the following objectives:

• Operate programs related to smart agriculture, IoT, and remote monitoring.
• Develop familiarity and expertise with remote control devices used in farms and understand their operating methods.
• Identify the best management practices for various agricultural and food products.
• Analyze data collected from fields and farms to provide informed recommendations on necessary agricultural and production procedures.
• Optimize the use of water, pesticides, and fertilizers to ensure efficiency without compromising production.
• Assess the cost-effectiveness of agricultural products.

General Knowledge Outcomes:

• Equip students with foundational skills in management, planning, human resource management, and water resource management in Palestine.
• Provide students with a broad understanding of environmental issues and food security.
• Impart general knowledge about human rights and first aid.
• Offer comprehensive insights into Palestinian studies, the Arabic language, and Islamic jurisprudence.
• Encourage self-directed learning, staying updated with new developments, participating in professional development activities, and keeping pace with evolving strategies and theories. Additionally, promote the integration of Islamic and Arabic sciences with global knowledge to broaden intellectual horizons.

Specialized Knowledge Outcomes:

• Explain the fundamentals of smart agriculture and the management of agricultural and food institutions.
• Apply Internet of Things (IoT) technology, remote control systems, and environmental sensors within farms, while understanding the various operating methods employed in these systems.
• Develop diagnostic skills for farm diseases and enhance decision-making capabilities.
• Describe and implement general safety procedures related to the biological and chemical management of farms.
• Classify different food and agricultural production systems and explain diverse production methods.
• Apply the latest strategies and principles used in food marketing.
• Analyze farm data to optimize the consumption of water, fertilizers, pesticides, and veterinary medicines.

One of the key advantages of the Smart Agriculture Program is the wide range of career opportunities it offers. The local agricultural and food markets are in need of professionals skilled in handling advanced computerized systems used for remote farm management. As a result, graduates of this program are less likely to encounter the employment challenges faced by graduates of many other fields. Graduates of the Smart Agriculture Program can pursue careers in the following areas:

• Agricultural and food sectors, including food factories and other related industries.
• Crop production farms, such as those specializing in olives, fruits, and vegetables.
• Animal production farms, including poultry, sheep, and cattle farms.
• Dairy farms and milk production facilities.
• Food manufacturing factories.
• The Ministry and Directorates of Agriculture and Environment, as well as the Water Authority.
• Various institutions focused on agricultural industries development and production.
• Companies that supply smart agriculture equipment.
• Factories involved in food manufacturing and animal production, utilizing the latest computerized control technologies.
• Service sectors connected to agriculture and food industries.

Additionally, one of the most notable opportunities is the graduate's ability to pursue self-employment and entrepreneurial ventures. With the skills gained from the program, graduates can establish smart model farms with relatively modest capital, offering an independent and promising career path.